Chest Pain
Cardiac and non-cardiac causes of chest pain, warning patterns, diagnostic assessment and when to call emergency services.
Read the detailed guide →FROM SYMPTOMS TO RELIABLE INFORMATION
Symptoms and Signs
Explore the pattern, possible cardiovascular and non-cardiac causes, clinical assessment and emergency warning signs for common symptoms.
Safety first
Call emergency services for sudden severe chest pain, major breathlessness, fainting, stroke symptoms or rapid deterioration. These guides support appropriate care; they do not diagnose the cause.
One symptom is not one diagnosis.
Heart and vascular symptoms can overlap with lung, neurological, blood, hormonal, digestive and musculoskeletal conditions. Safe distinction requires clinical context and selected testing.
Palpitations
Fast, irregular, forceful or skipped heartbeats: likely causes, rhythm documentation, tests and emergency warning signs.
Read the detailed guide →Shortness of Breath
Heart, lung, blood and metabolic causes of breathlessness; clinical assessment, tests and urgent warning signs.
Read the detailed guide →Fainting and Dizziness
Syncope, near-fainting and dizziness: cardiac and non-cardiac causes, risk assessment and urgent features.
Read the detailed guide →Slow Heart Rate
When a low pulse is physiological or clinically important; symptoms, ECG assessment, reversible causes and pacing decisions.
Read the detailed guide →Fast Heart Rate
Sinus tachycardia and abnormal rapid rhythms: triggers, ECG documentation, tests and emergency warning signs.
Read the detailed guide →High Blood Pressure
Correct measurement, sustained hypertension, organ risk, home monitoring and emergency warning signs.
Read the detailed guide →Leg Swelling
One- or two-sided leg swelling, heart failure, venous thrombosis, medicine effects and emergency warning signs.
Read the detailed guide →Leg Pain When Walking
Peripheral artery disease, musculoskeletal and nerve causes of walking-related leg pain; ABI testing and urgent limb symptoms.
Read the detailed guide →Fatigue and Reduced Exercise Tolerance
Cardiac, rhythm, blood, thyroid, sleep and other causes of new fatigue or reduced physical capacity.
Read the detailed guide →Night-Time Shortness of Breath
Breathlessness when lying down or waking at night: heart failure, sleep apnoea, lung disease and emergency signs.
Read the detailed guide →Exertional Chest Pressure
Predictable pressure with walking, stairs or stress: stable angina pattern, diagnostic testing and changing warning signs.
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